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Compare Cambodia (2006) - San Marino (2005)

Compare Cambodia (2006) z San Marino (2005)

 Cambodia (2006)San Marino (2005)
 CambodiaSan Marino
Administrative divisions 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural)


provinces: Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev


municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnum Penh, Preah Seihanu
9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure 0-14 years: 35.6% (male 2,497,595/female 2,447,754)


15-64 years: 61% (male 4,094,946/female 4,370,159)


65 years and over: 3.4% (male 180,432/female 290,541) (2006 est.)
0-14 years: 16.7% (male 2,482/female 2,328)


15-64 years: 66.5% (male 9,255/female 9,943)


65 years and over: 16.9% (male 2,106/female 2,766) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports 20 (2006) none (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 6


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 14


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
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Area total: 181,040 sq km


land: 176,520 sq km


water: 4,520 sq km
total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oklahoma about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863. Cambodia became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the remaining leaders are awaiting trial by a UN-sponsored tribunal for crimes against humanity. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate 26.9 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 10.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $559.4 million


expenditures: $772 million; including capital expenditures of $291 million (2005 est.)
revenues: $400 million


expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital name: Phnom Penh


geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E


time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
San Marino
Climate tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 443 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution promulgated 21 September 1993 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia


conventional short form: Cambodia


local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)


local short form: Kampuchea


former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino
Death rate 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 8.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $800 million (2003 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI


embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh


mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546


telephone: [855] (23) 728-000


FAX: [855] (23) 728-600
the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH


chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011


telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742


FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381
San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York


honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004, Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissions re-erected missing markers completing most of their demarcations none
Economic aid - recipient $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors $NA
Economy - overview In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, the government made progress on economic reforms. The US and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower-priced producing countries such as China and India. Although initial 2005 GDP growth estimates were less than 3%, better-than-expected garment sector performance led the IMF to forecast 6% growth in 2005. Faced with the possibility that its vibrant garment industry, with more than 200,000 jobs, could be in serious danger, the Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy of continued support for high labor standards in an attempt to maintain favor with buyers. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign visitors surpassing 1 million for the year by September 2005. In 2005, exploitable oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a new revenue stream for the government once commercial extraction begins in the coming years. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs. In December 2004, official donors pledged $504 million in aid for 2005 on the condition that the Cambodian government implement steps to reduce corruption. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is 20 years or younger. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fully 75% of the population remains engaged in subsistence farming. The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption 115 million kWh (2003) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) -
Electricity - production 123.7 million kWh (2003) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m


highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates riels per US dollar - 4,092.5 (2005), 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001) euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)


head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); KEV PUT REAKSMEI (since 24 October 2006)


cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king
chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31 March 2006)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2005 (next to be held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled)


election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports NA bbl/day trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners US 48.6%, Hong Kong 24.4%, Germany 5.6%, Canada 4.6% (2005) -
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 35%


industry: 30%


services: 35% (2004)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 13.4% (2005 est.) 7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 105 00 E 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Heliports 2 (2006) -
Highways - total: 220 km


paved: 220 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale heroin and methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders -
Imports NA bbl/day trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners Hong Kong 16.1%, China 13.6%, France 12.1%, Thailand 11.2%, Taiwan 10.2%, South Korea 7.5%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4.9%, Japan 4.1% (2005) -
Independence 9 November 1953 (from France) 3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate 22% (2002 est.) 6% (1997 est.)
Industries tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate total: 68.78 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 77.35 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 59.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.8% (2005 est.) 3.3% (2001)
International organization participation ACCT, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, EAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Irrigated land 2,700 sq km (2003) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force 7 million (2003 est.) 18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 75%


industry: NA%


services: NA% (2004 est.)
agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,572 km


border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use arable land: 20.44%


permanent crops: 0.59%


other: 78.97% (2005)
arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (2001)
Languages Khmer (official) 95%, French, English Italian
Legal system primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms)


elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011)


election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 69%, FUNCINPEC 21%, SRP 10%; seats by party - CPP 45, FUNCINPEC 10, SRP 2 (January 2006)
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 59.29 years


male: 57.35 years


female: 61.32 years (2006 est.)
total population: 81.62 years


male: 78.13 years


female: 85.43 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 73.6%


male: 84.7%


female: 64.1% (2004 est.)
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 544 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,777,907 GRT/2,529,708 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 41, cargo 443, chemical tanker 11, container 10, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: 407 (Bulgaria 1, Canada 6, China 128, Cyprus 12, Egypt 8, Gabon 1, Greece 8, Hong Kong 15, Indonesia 1, Japan 4, South Korea 23, Latvia 2, Lebanon 6, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Philippines 1, Russia 105, Singapore 4, Spain 1, Syria 20, Taiwan 2, Turkey 26, UAE 1, Ukraine 17, US 8, Yemen 3, unknown 1) (2006)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Italy
Military branches Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2005) Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure $112 million (FY01 est.) $700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3% (FY01 est.) NA
National holiday Independence Day, 9 November (1953) Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality noun: Cambodian(s)


adjective: Cambodian
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts NA
Natural resources oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential building stone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 10.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI] Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 13,881,427


note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
28,880 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 40% (2004 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.78% (2006 est.) 1.3% (2005 est.)
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 17 (2003) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 602 km


narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
-
Religions Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas


domestic: NA


international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system


international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use 36,400 (2003) 20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.062 million (2005) 16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 11 (including two TV relay stations with French and Vietnamese broadcasts); 12 regional low power TV stations (2006) 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north rugged mountains
Total fertility rate 3.37 children born/woman (2006 est.) 1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 2.6% (2001)
Waterways 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005) -
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